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| This waste water
treatment system involves digging out a shallow, square-shaped pond which
will contain waste water at lightly sloping depths of 15-30 centimeters.
The plants cultivated in the pond have short stalks, grow in dense clumps,
and have dispersed roots which are rooted well into the soil. These include
Cyperus papyrus, Arundo donax, and similar species which are able to grow
well in areas that usually remain flooded. In this waste water treatment
system, water is released into one end of the wetland and slowly passes
down to the other end.
While waste water remains in the artificial wetland, nature, wind, and sunlight also contribute, to a certain degree, to treating the waste water. However, a significant factor in reducing pollutants are these plants: they help to absorb both organic and inorganic substances present in the waste water. Moreover, the microbes that are attached to the stalks and roots effectively help to eliminate organic substances which pollute the water. The system improves the water quality, thus allowing the water to exit from the lower end of the artificial wetland with a quality suitable for consumption, household uses and irrigation purposes. Nevertheless, this system is still in the study and experiment stage. |
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| The grass filtration
waste water treatment system is very similar to the artificially constructed
wetland system except for the filtering stage in which waste water is retained
periodically. The experimental study revealed that the appropriate level
for the water is 30 centimeters for a period of five days; after this period
of flood the area will be left to dry out for three days. Wastes in the
water will be reduced due to the grass planted on the plot which filters
wastes and thus reduces pollutants in the water. It was established that
plants which grow fast and possess a great waste water treatment potential
include Cyperus corymbosus, Indonesian vetiver grass, Typha angustifolia,
Leptoschlosa fusca, Cynodon dactylon, and Sporoborus virginicus. The appropriate
ratio of sand to organic soil mixture for growing such plants for treating
waste water is 3 : 1.
The model used in the research study for the grass filtration system consists of: 1) Seven plots of plants grown for consumption as well as for animal feeds at a size of 5 x 100 meters each. 2) Seven plots of plants grown in inundated fields at a size of 5 x 25 meters each. Rural government agencies with limited budgets such as the Sukhapiban (a local government agency lower in authority than a municipality) can use this study as a demonstration model for future application and adaptation to their own waste water treatment systems. |
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| This system
has been used in a research study on the treatment of waste water through
natural means. It involves using mangrove forest to absorb as well as filter
waste water. The water from the central waste water drain will flow through
a pipeline into the mangrove area before it is released into the sea. Thus,
water quality will be improved and the impact on the ecological balance
can be controlled.
In this study, mangrove was used to treat waste water by allowing the water to pass through the existing mangrove forest as well as through newly planted mangrove trees. The mangrove forest is capable of filtering and absorbing toxins and other pollutants present in the water, thus producing good quality water. The clean water can be used for agricultural purposes and can be further released safely into the sea. |
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